THE ROLE OF NGOs IN TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
NGO initiatives aimed at development have a long history in India. The individual efforts of
social workers are expressed in micro-terms but it deals with conditions that are caused by large
macro-structures. There are number of NGOs working for the tribal development in India. The
researcher has studied 7 major NGOs from the research area engaged in the tribal development.
These NGOs tackle development related issues and their ideological orientation differs widely.
There are some NGOs who’s nature is agitational and there are some who are engaged in both
construction and agitational work. In the present study, the aims & objectives, project area,
target group, views of NGOs on problems of tribal communities, their suggestions have been
studied. The work of NGO has been evaluated on the basis of nature of work, their priorities,
financial conditions of NGOs, staff position, their views on self-sufficiency, need for continuity
of work. In order to have openness, their membership patterns, confidentiality of their accounts
etc. are discussed. Their views on tribal liberation and need to work all NGOs under one banner
also have been sought. Finally the problems of NGOs have been discussed at length.
This paper thus evaluates the role of NGOs working with tribal communities, their strengths and
weaknesses, future thrust,
ROLE OF NGOs IN INDIA
The growing disillusionment and the resultant discontent among the masses gave birth to a
number of NGOs in 1960s in India. These grassroots movements are concerned with the plight of
the exploited sections of society. They are part of the democratic struggle at various levels. The
role of NGOs is neither antagonistic nor complementary with the existing sectors. It is a role at
once more limited and more radical, taking up issues that the political parties are unwilling to
take up, coping with a large diversity of situation that governments and parties are unable to
cope, encompassing issues that arise from not merely local and national but also international
forces at work. The individual efforts are expressed in micro terms but it deals with conditions
that are caused by large macro-structures. The NGOs are thus a part of a large movement for
global transformations in which non-State actors on the one hand and non-territorial
crystallisations on the other are emerging and playing new rolesi. Most important role Indian
NGOs play in of a ‘watch dog’.
ACTIVITIES OF NGOs
All activities of NGOs are aimed at social, economic, political & educational Development of
oppressed people in the area. The activities stated by the respondent NGOs are listed below:
1. Comprehensive village development.
2. Activities related with education: Balwadi, supplementary classes for
school-going children, school at the brick kilns, education to katkari women, hostel for
children, motivate children to go to school.
3. Activities related with Women’s development : Formation of Women’s groups, Saving
group of women, training of self-employment, Women’s Co-operative Society, Income
generation for women, Women’s employment, etc.
4. Youth development activities: Formation of Youth groups.
5. Health activities: Primary health care, health education, health project of family planning,
traditional medicines.
6. Provision of food : Nutrition programmes, Grain bank.
7. Political activities: Awareness and training on Panchayati raj , electoral systems , human
rights,
8. Counselling activities: Women’s counselling centre, Family counselling centre, Legal
counselling.
9. Dissemination of information of Government scheme, helping people to secure benefits
of Government scheme.
10. Self employment : Guidance on self occupation , Handicraft development etc.
11. Development of Katkari Leadership.
12. Protecting environment: - Horticulture on the barren land, Watershed development,
13. Anti liquor movement
14. Fighting on land issues, restoration of land rights.
15. Fighting against injustice.
16. Form co-operative societies of tribals such as fisheries societies, brick societies.
FUTURE THRUST OF NGO WORK
1. Work with Youth,
2. Information dissemination, Strengths of Panchayati Raj
3. Advocacy & Organisational Work especially for Women.
4. Availability of employment.
5. Anti- Liquor movement.
6. Health awareness.
7. To start the sale counter of Minor Forest Product (MFP) of Women.
8. Educational complex only for Katkari
9. Implement ideal project of Land Development.
10. With co-operation of industries, implement developmental projects.
11. To develop land of 100 tribal families and make them stable.
12. Continue working on the present issues.
13. Develop volunteers. Strengthening NGO.
14. Create Women’s federation.
15. Education – put tribal children to school.
16. Propaganda and implementation of our experiments.
17. Networking with NGOs in Maharashtra.
18. Women and Panchayati Raj will be the priority.
CONCLUSION
It is found that though NGOs are doing good work with the tribal communities, there is lack of
coordination among them. Their role as ‘watchdog’ is not being played effectively. Many NGOs
are now interested in implementing the projects by the Government in order to earn money for
their survival. Their focus is getting shifted as per the priorities of the funding organization.
NGO initiatives aimed at development have a long history in India. The individual efforts of
social workers are expressed in micro-terms but it deals with conditions that are caused by large
macro-structures. There are number of NGOs working for the tribal development in India. The
researcher has studied 7 major NGOs from the research area engaged in the tribal development.
These NGOs tackle development related issues and their ideological orientation differs widely.
There are some NGOs who’s nature is agitational and there are some who are engaged in both
construction and agitational work. In the present study, the aims & objectives, project area,
target group, views of NGOs on problems of tribal communities, their suggestions have been
studied. The work of NGO has been evaluated on the basis of nature of work, their priorities,
financial conditions of NGOs, staff position, their views on self-sufficiency, need for continuity
of work. In order to have openness, their membership patterns, confidentiality of their accounts
etc. are discussed. Their views on tribal liberation and need to work all NGOs under one banner
also have been sought. Finally the problems of NGOs have been discussed at length.
This paper thus evaluates the role of NGOs working with tribal communities, their strengths and
weaknesses, future thrust,
ROLE OF NGOs IN INDIA
The growing disillusionment and the resultant discontent among the masses gave birth to a
number of NGOs in 1960s in India. These grassroots movements are concerned with the plight of
the exploited sections of society. They are part of the democratic struggle at various levels. The
role of NGOs is neither antagonistic nor complementary with the existing sectors. It is a role at
once more limited and more radical, taking up issues that the political parties are unwilling to
take up, coping with a large diversity of situation that governments and parties are unable to
cope, encompassing issues that arise from not merely local and national but also international
forces at work. The individual efforts are expressed in micro terms but it deals with conditions
that are caused by large macro-structures. The NGOs are thus a part of a large movement for
global transformations in which non-State actors on the one hand and non-territorial
crystallisations on the other are emerging and playing new rolesi. Most important role Indian
NGOs play in of a ‘watch dog’.
ACTIVITIES OF NGOs
All activities of NGOs are aimed at social, economic, political & educational Development of
oppressed people in the area. The activities stated by the respondent NGOs are listed below:
1. Comprehensive village development.
2. Activities related with education: Balwadi, supplementary classes for
school-going children, school at the brick kilns, education to katkari women, hostel for
children, motivate children to go to school.
3. Activities related with Women’s development : Formation of Women’s groups, Saving
group of women, training of self-employment, Women’s Co-operative Society, Income
generation for women, Women’s employment, etc.
4. Youth development activities: Formation of Youth groups.
5. Health activities: Primary health care, health education, health project of family planning,
traditional medicines.
6. Provision of food : Nutrition programmes, Grain bank.
7. Political activities: Awareness and training on Panchayati raj , electoral systems , human
rights,
8. Counselling activities: Women’s counselling centre, Family counselling centre, Legal
counselling.
9. Dissemination of information of Government scheme, helping people to secure benefits
of Government scheme.
10. Self employment : Guidance on self occupation , Handicraft development etc.
11. Development of Katkari Leadership.
12. Protecting environment: - Horticulture on the barren land, Watershed development,
13. Anti liquor movement
14. Fighting on land issues, restoration of land rights.
15. Fighting against injustice.
16. Form co-operative societies of tribals such as fisheries societies, brick societies.
FUTURE THRUST OF NGO WORK
1. Work with Youth,
2. Information dissemination, Strengths of Panchayati Raj
3. Advocacy & Organisational Work especially for Women.
4. Availability of employment.
5. Anti- Liquor movement.
6. Health awareness.
7. To start the sale counter of Minor Forest Product (MFP) of Women.
8. Educational complex only for Katkari
9. Implement ideal project of Land Development.
10. With co-operation of industries, implement developmental projects.
11. To develop land of 100 tribal families and make them stable.
12. Continue working on the present issues.
13. Develop volunteers. Strengthening NGO.
14. Create Women’s federation.
15. Education – put tribal children to school.
16. Propaganda and implementation of our experiments.
17. Networking with NGOs in Maharashtra.
18. Women and Panchayati Raj will be the priority.
CONCLUSION
It is found that though NGOs are doing good work with the tribal communities, there is lack of
coordination among them. Their role as ‘watchdog’ is not being played effectively. Many NGOs
are now interested in implementing the projects by the Government in order to earn money for
their survival. Their focus is getting shifted as per the priorities of the funding organization.
WELL WRITTEN
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